There are many applications in which trace moisture measurements are necessary for manufacturing and process quality assurance. Some examples are: Moisture in percentage amounts is monitored as a specification in commercial food production. Trace moisture in solids must be controlled for plastics, pharmaceuticals and heat treatment processes. Trace moisture must be measured and controlled in dry air, hydrocarbon processing, pure semiconductor gases, bulk pure gases, dielectric gases, such as those in transformers and power plants, and natural gas pipeline transportation. This module will serve as an introduction to some of the equipment and methods used to measure the amount of moisture in a gas sample.